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2025-1 Descartes 1. Descartes argues that bodies do not have features like color, taste, sound, scent. What is his argument? What is the external world like, for Descartes, if bodies in fact exist? How does Descartes' view represent a dramatic turn in the history of science?He argues that the most basic features of body are size, shape, and extension. That is to say – color, taste, sound, smell,..

1. Descartes argues that thinking cannot arise or emerge from body. How does this argument go? How does the argument rely on the conception of thinking that is advanced in the Second Meditation?Descartes defends the view that minds and bodies are different kinds of stuff. This view is often called – mind-body dualism.He uses the Second Meditation to argue that at the most basic level the nature ..

5. At the start of the Fourth Meditation Descartes makes the assumption that a perfect being would not create being that err. But he is not entitled to that assumption. Why not? Why then might he be making it?By using the argument from objective reality, Descartes reaches the conclusion that God exists and that God is omniscient, omnipotent, eternal, immutable, and in a nutshell – supremely perf..

2025-1 Descartes 1. David Lewis defends the view that in addition to actualities, there are possibilities. What is his argument for this view? What does Lewis take a possibility to be? What is on potential problem for Lewis's view?David Lewis argues that we make true claims about possibilities – for example, it is true that it could be raining right now even if it is not; it is true that it is p..

2025-1 Seminar Ancient Philosophy

He claims further that in his discussion of incontinence, Aristotle appeals to certain endoxa in order "to show a priori that there is no use for the expression 'doing what is wrong in the full knowledge of what is right in the given circumstances' ." Owen does not elaborate on these claims at any length; and it would be easy, in the light of current doubts about the coherence of the analytic-sy..

Nussbaum, Martha C. (1981). Saving Aristotle's appearances. In M. Nussbaum & M. Schofield, Language and Logos: Studies in Ancient Greek Philosophy Presented to G. E. L. Owen. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 267--94.At the beginning of Book vn of the Nicomachean Ethics, just before his discussion of akrasia, Aristotle pauses to make some observa tions about his philosophical method:Here..

Bostock, D. 2000. Aristotle’s methods in Ethics. In Aristotle’s Ethics. By D. Bostock, 214–235. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Provides a good overview of the debate over dialectic and first principles in EN, especially the claims of Barnes 1980 and Irwin 1981. Chapter X Aristotle’s methods in ethics 1. Dialectic One of Aristotle’s clearest and most explicit statements of method in the Ethics is a..

Gerson, Lloyd P. (1994). Why Ethics is Political Science for Aristotle. Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 68:93-107.Episteme (Science)nameTheoretike (theoretical science)Praktike (Practical science)poietike (productive science)archesubstanceagentproduceraim attruthdeed [ergon]producthealth (as a product) differs from medical science and good government [eunomia] (as ..

Devereux, Daniel T. (1986). Particular and Universal in Aristotle's Conception of Practical Knowledge. Review of Metaphysics 39 (3):483 - 504.Aristotle thought his predecessors in general, and Plato in particular, made a serious mistake in failing to mark the boundaries separating the different sciences and branches of philosophical in quiry. All of them failed to grasp the fundamental distincti..