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Khalidi (2015) Three Kinds of Social Kinds

2024-2 Social OntologyKhalidi, Muhammad Ali (2015). Three Kinds of Social Kinds. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 90 (1):96-112.  1. Social Kinds and Human KindsSocial kinds, or human kinds, are frequently said to be different from natural kinds for various reasons.① they are ontologically subjective since they depend on human mental attitudes for their very existence (Searle 1995).② the..

Reconciling Bartky’s feminist consciousness and the Marxist notion of contradictions

2024-2 Feminist Ethics Reconciling Bartky’s feminist consciousness and the Marxist notion of contradictions In her article, “Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness,” Bartky offers a fascinating picture that combines Marxist analysis―i.e., their theory of contradictions―with feminist consciousness―i.e., an anguished consciousness characterizes human subjectivity in periods of social cha..

2024-2 Social Ontology Searle, J. R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press. [31-57] 1. Some Apparent Features of Social RealityTo begin, let us identify some of the apparent features of social reality we would like to explain. Because I believe philosophical investigations should begin naively (how they proceed and conclude is another matter), I will simply list half a..

2024-2 Feminist Ethics Bettcher, T. M. (2014). Trapped in the Wrong Theory: Rethinking Trans Oppression and Resistance. Signs, 39(2), 383–406.   1. The "wrong-body" model, the psychological variant of the model, and  a “beyond the binary” model The wrong-body modelThe psychological variant of the modelTranssexuality involves a misalignment between gender identity and the sexed body. This idea de..

2024-2 Feminist Ethics Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. The University of Chicago Legal Forum 140:139-167. One of the very few Black women's studies books is entitled All the Women Are White; All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us are Brave. I have chosen..

2024-2 Social Ontology Searle, J. R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press. [1-29]  The Building Blocks of Social Reality1. The Metaphysical Burden of Social Realitythere are portions of the real world, objective facts in the world, that are only facts by human agreement. In a sense there are things that exist only because we believe them to exist. I am thinking of thi..

Landini, Gregory (2012). Frege's Notations: What They Are and How They Mean. London and Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. [1-14]  ※ Author’s Note on the Use of Modern Logical NotationsThe book endeavors to explain Frege’s notations in terms of modern nota tions. It is therefore worth making a few comments on the modern nota tions used in the book that might not be familiar to readers. In addition..

2024-2 Social OntologyMason, Rebecca & Ritchie, Katherine (2020). Social Ontology. In Ricki Bliss & James Miller (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics. New York, NY: Routledge, 312-324. Traditionally, social entities have not fallen within the purview of mainstream metaphysics. [...] Here, in addition to surveying the field of social ontology, we consider whether the exclusion of soc..

2024-2 Feminist EthicsBartky, Sandra Lee (1975). Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness. Social Theory and Practice 3 (4):425-439. 1Contemporary feminism has many faces. The best attempts so far to deal with the scope and complexity of the movement have divided feminists along ideological lines. Thus, liberal, Marxist, neo-Marxist and what are called "radical" feminists differ from one..

1 비트겐슈타인의 에서 중요한 것은 “말할 수 없는 것”이다. 여기에서 말하는 중요성이란 두 가지 의미를 지니고 있다: 한편으로, 논고의 가치론의 측면에서 말할 수 없는 것은 말할 수 있는 것보다 더할 나위없이 중요하다(가치 있다). 다른 한편으로, 논고에서 규명하려 하는 중심 질문은 “말할 수 있는 것이 어떻게 가능한가?”이며, 이런 의미에서 논고는 말할 수 없는 것, 즉 뜻을 결여한(sinnlos) 명제와 무의미한(unsinnig) 명제의 근본 성격을 규명하는 일에 많은 지면을 할애하고 있다. 따라서 우리는 그 비중의 측면에서도 말할 수 없는 것이 말할 수 있는 것보다 논고 안에서 더 중요하게 다루어진다고 파악해볼 수 있다. 2 반면 말할 수 있는 것에 관해서는, 우리는 이것에 대해 대개 더 구체적인..