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Zhang, Haojun (2019). Descartes and Husserl on “Clear and Distinct”. Husserl Studies 35 (1):51-72. The expression “clear and distinct” is used by Descartes and Husserl when they talk, respectively, about the truth of an idea and the evidence of judgment. Although for both authors the words “clear” and “distinct” are juxtaposed with the conjunction “and,” their status is not actually equal.For De..

2025-1 Descartes 1. Cavendish allows that there exists conscious mentality, but she argues that much of our conscious intelligent thinking would not take place without unconscious "fairies" that "set" our conscious thoughts "in order." Explain her argument and illustrate it with an example.Strawson and Cavendish both think that there are a lot of familiar instances of mentality that are not cons..

2025-1 Descartes 1. Descartes argues that bodies do not have features like color, taste, sound, scent. What is his argument? What is the external world like, for Descartes, if bodies in fact exist? How does Descartes' view represent a dramatic turn in the history of science?He argues that the most basic features of body are size, shape, and extension. That is to say – color, taste, sound, smell,..

1. Descartes argues that thinking cannot arise or emerge from body. How does this argument go? How does the argument rely on the conception of thinking that is advanced in the Second Meditation?Descartes defends the view that minds and bodies are different kinds of stuff. This view is often called – mind-body dualism.He uses the Second Meditation to argue that at the most basic level the nature ..

5. At the start of the Fourth Meditation Descartes makes the assumption that a perfect being would not create being that err. But he is not entitled to that assumption. Why not? Why then might he be making it?By using the argument from objective reality, Descartes reaches the conclusion that God exists and that God is omniscient, omnipotent, eternal, immutable, and in a nutshell – supremely perf..

2025-1 Descartes 1. David Lewis defends the view that in addition to actualities, there are possibilities. What is his argument for this view? What does Lewis take a possibility to be? What is on potential problem for Lewis's view?David Lewis argues that we make true claims about possibilities – for example, it is true that it could be raining right now even if it is not; it is true that it is p..

르네 데카르트 (2021). 제일철학에 관한 성찰. 이현복 옮김. 문예출판사. René Descartes (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch. Volume II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. During these past few days I have accustomed myself to leading my mind away from the senses; and I have taken careful note of the fact that there is very little about corporea..

2025-1 DescartesMidterm Study Guide 7. State the premises and conclusion of the Third Meditation argument from objective reality. Make sure to define objective reality and formal reality. In the Third Meditation Descartes puts forward a causal axiom that he is supposing is completely evident and obvious, at least when we are paying attention to it. When he describes the axiom, he sometimes puts ..

2025-1 DescartesMidterm Study Guide 4. In the First Meditation Descartes argues that even if he is being decived about matters that are utterly evident, "I am, I exist" is clearly true. But he also allows that thare are instances in which "I am, I exist" is  dubitable. Discuss. two scuh instances.Can “I am, I exist” be doubted? Strangely enough, it can. If we think it vaguely, or just in terms o..

2025-1 DescartesMidterm Study Guide 1. What is the synthetic method? What is the analytic method? Descartes says in one passage that there is not a single claim that he asserts with confidence in the First meditation. Explain. The synthetic or syllogistic method was commonly used in the 17th century by philosophers such as Spinoza and Leibniz. For instance, Spinoza famously begins his Ethics wit..