소요의 철학 아카이브

시몬느 드 보부아르, 「제2의 성」, 이정순 옮김, 을유문화사, 2022.  1. 생물학적 조건인간은 주어진 존재가 아니라 스스로 만들어 나가는 존재라고 정의할 수 있다. 메를로퐁티가 매우 정확하게 말했듯이, 인간은 자연의 종種이 아니라 역사적 개념이다. 여자는 고정불변의 현실이 아니라 하나의 생성(生成)이다. 이러한 생성 속에서 여자를 남자와 비교해야만 할 것이다. 다시 말해서 여자의 가능성을 규명해야만 할 것이다. 수많은 논쟁에서 사람들이 그토록 많은 과오를 범하는 이유는 여자의 능력에 대해 문제 삼으면서 여자를 과거와 현재의 상태로 축소하고 싶어 하기 때문이다. 사실, 능력은 현실화되었을 때만이 증명될 수 있다. 그러나 초월과 초아적인 어떤 존재를 고려할 때 결코 계산을 중단할 수 없다는 것 또한 ..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. What do you take to be the strongest objections to the extended mind and to the social mind hypotheses?     I think both the extended mind and the socially extended mind are not free from the coupling-constitution fallacy, raised by Adams and Aizawa. According to them, Clark draws the conclusion that the object or process constitutes part of the agent’s cognitive appara..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. Do you think that Gallagher’s analysis of cognition in dynamic terms as enactive processes and activities, commits one to adopt the socially extended mind? Criticizing the parity principle offered by Clark and Chalmers, Gallagher adopts an enactive approach to cognition to account for the extended mind. The parity principle states that if a part of the world functions a..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. Clark and Chalmers argue in favor of active externalism about the mind. In their argument they rely on the analogy between Inga’s use of memory and Otto’s use of a notebook. Do you think that the analogy holds and that it helps their case?                           Clark and Chalmers defend active externalism, which holds that a coupled system formed by external links b..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. In what way do Jenkins and Webster define the notion of marginalized functioning? Present examples to illustrate this concept and the distinction between marginalized functioning and marginalization.     To develop models of disability that unify the category without sidelining the body, Jenkins and Webster introduced the notion of marginalized functioning as follows:A ..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. Howard and Aas present the Social Exclusion Model of disability. What are the main features of this model?     Howard and Aas present the Social Exclusion Model of disability, defined as follows:A person S is disabled in a context C, iff:(i) S is in some bodily or psychological state x [such that](ii) x is regularly assumed in the ideology in C to involve an impairment:..

2024-2 Social Ontology 1. Barnes argues against Naturalistic Accounts of disability which appeal to departures from normal functioning, and to the lack of ability that most people have. Which counterexamples does Barnes provide to these accounts? Do you find her arguments to be compelling? Briefly explain.  Naturalistic Accounts of Disability, also known as Normal Function Views, are prevalent i..

Narayan, Uma (2002). "Minds of Their Own: Choices, Autonomy, Cultural Practices, and Other Women," in: A Mind of One's Own. Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity. Edited by Louise M. Antony and Charlotte E. Witt. New York and London: Routledge  I believe that two different but con nected "specters of the other woman" often haunt these conversations and require philo sophical exorcism. I call..