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Stewart Cohen, “Justification and Truth.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, vol. 46, no. 3, 1984, pp. 279–95. 1. Introduction Epistemologists generally agree that two components of knowledge are justification and truth. If S believes that P, then S knows that P only if S is justiefied in believing that P and it is true that P. A central iss..

2024-1 Wittgenstein Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations (German/English text), 4th Ed. trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, Ed. P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, Oxford: Blackwell, 2009. In dem Folgenden veröffentliche ich Gedanken, den Niederschlag philosophischer Untersuchungen, die mich in den letzten 16 Jahren beschäftigt haben. Sie betreffen viele ..

2024-1 Wittgenstein Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, in: Werkausgabe Bd. 1, 23. Aufl., J. Schulte (Hrsg.), Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2019. Dieses Buch wird vielleicht nur der verstehen, der die Gedanken, die darin ausgedrückt sind – oder doch ähnliche Gedanken – schon selbst einmal gedacht hat. – Es ist also kein Lehrbuch. – Sein Zweck wäre erreicht, wenn es Einem, der es ..

Irving M. Copi, Symbolic Logic, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1979, pp. 19-26. (2) Argument Forms and Truth Tables

Irving M. Copi, Symbolic Logic, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1979, pp. 16-18. (2) Conditional Statements ① The compound statement "If the train is late, then we shall miss our connection" is a conditional (or a hypothetical, an implication, or an implicative statement). ② The component between the 'if' and the 'then' is called the antecedent (or the implicans or protasis조건문의 조건절, 전제절), and th..

Irving M. Copi, Symbolic Logic, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1979, pp. 8-14. (1) Simple and Compound Statements ① simple and compound (a) All statements can be divided into two kinds, simple and compound. A simple statement A compound statement does not contain any other statement as a component part does contain another statement as a component part For example, ‘Atmospheric testing of nucle..

Irving M. Copi, Symbolic Logic, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1979, pp. 1-7. (1) What Is Logic? ① Charles Peirce: ‘It will, however, generally be conceded that its central problem is the classification of arguments, so that all those that are bad are thrown into one division, and those which are good into another....' The study of logic, then, is the study of the methods and principles used in..

Geoffrey Hunter, Metalogic. An Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First Order Logic, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996, pp. 6-7. 2. Interpretations of Formal Languages. Model Theory ① ②

Geoffrey Hunter, Metalogic. An Introduction to the Metatheory of Standard First Order Logic, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996, pp. 3-6. (1) truths of logic(2) sentences used to express truths of logicNotably, (1) and (2) are not the same; for two different sentences, e.g. one in French, one in English, might be used to express the same truths of logic.Keeping the ab..