소요의 철학 아카이브

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) Do you think that Mills’s social constructivist approach to race fares better or worse than Appiah’s skepticism? Briefly explain your thinking. Mills endorses a view of racial constructivism, according to which races are created through social history and intersubjectivity. This view denies that race is a metaphysical reality in the sense of being eternal, unc..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2  Q) What is racialism, according to Appiah?Appiah characterizes racialism as the doctrine that human beings are divided into a small number of groups called ‘races,’ whose members share certain fundamental, heritable, physical, moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics. It is assumed that these characteristics of distinct races are mutually exclusive.He f..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2Q) Barnes argues that both social position accounts and identity-based accounts of gender face exclusion problems. Articulate these problems.According to social position accounts, gender is explained in terms of external factors, i.e., the material social disadvantage or advantage imposed on individuals based on collective norms and assumptions about sexed bodies...

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) Bettcher describes two models for understanding transness. She argues that these models are misguided and sketches her own proposal. Describe briefly the two models that she discards. In what way is her own proposal different? Bettcher describes two models for understanding transness. On the one hand, there is a wrong-body model, according to which transsexual..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) What is gender, according to McKitrick? What are dispositions and what sorts of dispositions does McKitrick appeal to in her account of gender? Provide examples.   McKitrick criticizes Beauvoir, Haslanger, and Sveinsdóttir’s views on gender because these definitions lack any mention of the subjective or psychological aspects of gender. According to McKitrick, ..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) What type of definition of gender is Haslanger after? What purpose is her definition supposed to serve? Regarding conceptual analysis (the philosophical methodology that asks the question in the form of “what is x?”), Haslanger argues that there are three distinctive ways of understanding this methodology: conceptual, descriptive, and analytical. A conceptual ..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) According to Ritchie, there is an important distinction to be made between two types of social groups – teams, committees, clubs, bands, etc., on the one hand, and racial, gender, ethnic groups, etc., on the other. Which features, according to her, help distinguish between these two kinds of social groups? Would you change anything about her criteria?         ..

Vetter, Barbara (2015). Potentiality From Dispositions to Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1. ModalityThe two familiar modalities: necessity (□) and possibility (◇)Modal phenomena: (1) laws of nature, (2) essences, (3) the counterfactual conditional, (4) causation, and (5) dispositions 2. Reductive vs. Non-reductive approaches ① A reductive approach: describe all of these phenomena in a..

Vetter, Barbara (2015). Potentiality From Dispositions to Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1. The Variety of Potentiality: ① Potentiality classified as an ability: the ability to read English ② Potentiality not classified as an ability: the paper’s potential to burn ③ Dispositions: the vase’s fragility, a person’s irascibility, and an atom’s disposition to decay Potentials are often asc..

Dembroff, Robin (2018). Why Be Nonbinary? Aeon. As someone who is gender nonbinary, I’ve gathered hundreds of these stories. Some are funny, others vicious. Despite a widespread assumption that everyone fits into neat gender categories, I’ve always been treated as a gender question mark. My social interactions since childhood have been filled with wildly vacillating gender expectations. These da..