소요의 철학 아카이브

Burnyeat, Myles (1980). Aristotle on learning to be good. In Amélie Rorty (ed.), Essays on Aristotle's Ethics. University of California Press. pp. 69–92.  The question "Can virtue be taught" is perhaps the oldest question in moral philosophy. Recall the opening of Plato's Meno (70a): "Can you tell me, Socrates—can virtue be taught, or is it rather to be acquired by practice? Or is it neither to ..

2025-1 DescartesMidterm Study Guide 1. What is the synthetic method? What is the analytic method? Descartes says in one passage that there is not a single claim that he asserts with confidence in the First meditation. Explain. The synthetic or syllogistic method was commonly used in the 17th century by philosophers such as Spinoza and Leibniz. For instance, Spinoza famously begins his Ethics wit..

Isaacs, Tracy (2011). Moral Responsibility in Collective Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5. Collective Obligation, Individual Obligation, and Individual Moral ResponsibilityI turn my attention to a more forward-looking relative of responsibility, namely, obligation.Even if they are the result of the cumulative impact of human behavior, these harms are not the products of collective ac..

2025-1 Seminar Ethics Individual Responsibility for (and in) Collective Wrongs 1. The Overview of Chapter 4So far, Isaacs has developed accounts of collective moral responsibility, according to which there are irreducible collective notions, such as collective intention, action, agent, and guilt. From this consideration, she has made a distinction between responsibility at the individual level a..

2025-1 Seminar Ethics Individual Responsibility for (and in) Collective Wrongs (Presentation)

Isaacs, Tracy (2011). Moral Responsibility in Collective Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. Individual Responsibility for (and in) Collective WrongsThe view developed so far—that collective intention, collective action, and collective moral responsibility operate at the level of collectives—suggests that individuals are not responsible for collective actions as such. Specifically, it ..

Isaacs, Tracy (2011). Moral Responsibility in Collective Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3. Collective Guilt If collectives are the sorts of things that can be morally responsible, then there is a sense in which they can be guilty, too.“Guilt” is an ambiguous term, so let me begin by stating that I understand guilt as blameworthy moral responsibility. An agent is guilty when she or he..

Isaacs, Tracy (2011). Moral Responsibility in Collective Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  2 Collective Moral Responsibility In the previous chapter, I distinguished between two kinds of collectives capable of intentional action—organizations and goal-oriented collectives. I gave an account of their respective intentional structures as a means of giving substance to the claim that coll..

박찬국 (2019). 「하이데거의 존재와 시간 」 강독 」 . 그린비. 1장  존재물음의 필요성, 구조 및 우위§ 1. 존재에 대한 물음을 분명하게 다시 제기해야 할 필요성플라톤과 아리스토텔레스는 존재의 의미를 현상 자체에 입각하여 획득하였으나, 그 후 그 현상 자체는 망각된 채 플라톤과 아리스토텔레스가 남긴 명제들만이 계승되었다. 이에 따라 플라톤과 아리스토텔레스가 최고도의 긴장된 사유 속에서 비록 단편적이고 초보적일망정 현상 자체로부터 쟁취했던 것이 진부한 것이 되고 현상 자체에 기반을 두지 않은 빈말이 되고 말았다.존재의 의미에 대한 물음은 불필요할 뿐 아니라 그것을 제기할 필요가 없다고 보는 선입견이 형성① ‘존재는 가장 보편적이고 가장 공허한 개념이므로 정의될 수 없다’② ‘존재는 또한 정의를 ..

Isaacs, Tracy (2011). Moral Responsibility in Collective Contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. My main interest in collective action contexts is normative. I advocate a two-level theory of moral responsibility in which there is moral responsibility at both the individual and the collective levels. The normative conclusions I wish to establish rest on the claim that intentional action also o..