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아렌트 (2019) 인간의 조건 (1)

한나 아렌트, 「인간의 조건」, 이진우 옮김, 한길사, 2019. 활동적 삶(vita activa)이라는 개념으로 나는 인간의 세 가지 근본 활동, 즉 노동·작업·행위 labor, work, and action 를 표현하고자 한다. 이 활동들이 근본적인 까닭은 인간이 지상에서 삶을 영위할 때 주어져 있는 기본 조건들과 각각 일치하기 때문이다.노동은 인간 신체의 생물학적 과정과 일치하는 활동이다. 신체의 자연발생적 성장, 신진대사와 부패는 노동에 의해 생산되어 삶의 과정에 투입된 생명 필수재에 묶여 있다. 노동의 인간적 조건은 삶 자체다.Labor is the activity which corresponds to the biological process of the human body, whose spon..

데카르트 (2021) 제일철학에 관한 성찰 (3) 제3성찰

르네 데카르트 (2021). 제일철학에 관한 성찰. 이현복 옮김. 문예출판사. René Descartes (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch. Volume II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. THIRD MEDITATIONThe existence of God I will now shut my eyes, stop my ears, and withdraw all my senses. I will eliminate from my thoughts all images of bodily things, or rathe..

데카르트 (2021) 제일철학에 관한 성찰 (2) 제2성찰

르네 데카르트 (2021). 제일철학에 관한 성찰. 이현복 옮김. 문예출판사. René Descartes (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch. Volume II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  SECOND MEDITATIONThe nature of the human mind, and how it is better known than the body So serious are the doubts into which I have been thrown as a result of yesterday's med..

Irwin (2000) Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory (4)

Irwin, Terence H. (2000). Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory. In Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.), Moral particularism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 100-29. 9. Perception and PrudenceSo far I have suggested that Aristotle thinks of perception primarily as a means of applying general rules to particular cases, so that we recognize all the rel..

Continental/Ancient 2025.01.28

Irwin (2000) Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory (3)

Irwin, Terence H. (2000). Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory. In Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.), Moral particularism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 100-29. 7. Particulars and Inexactness  In Book II Aristotle tells us more about the practical aims of ethics, and adds a new claim about inexactness. Before presenting his general account of vi..

Continental/Ancient 2025.01.28

Irwin (2000) Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory (2)

Irwin, Terence H. (2000). Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory. In Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.), Moral particularism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 100-29. 4. Ethics and Variation When Aristotle claims that ethics provides usual generalizations, does he primarily have in mind mere frequencies or natural norms? Does he recognize ethical prin..

Continental/Ancient 2025.01.28

Irwin (2000) Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory (1)

Irwin, Terence H. (2000). Ethics as an inexact science: Aristotle's ambitions for moral theory. In Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.), Moral particularism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 100-29. 1. Modesty in Ethical Theory At the beginning of the Nicomachean Ethics,' (hereafter EN), Aristotle warns that we must not demand too much exactness in ethical inquiry (1094b11-14). The ..

Continental/Ancient 2025.01.28