소요의 철학 아카이브

2023-2 Metaphysics of the Self Segment 1 ( P. Churchland, ch. 2 of Matter and Consciousness) 1. Mind-Body dualist address mind-body problem, the most common dualist viewDualism generally divides into Substance (Cartesian) dualism and Property dualism. Both claims that the nature of consciousness and mental states is non-physical. On the one hand, Descartes as a representative of substance dualis..

2023-2 Metaphysics of the Self Segment 1 (T. Metzinger, "The No-Self Alternative")  Q) What is Metzinger’s primarily target of Ontologicial anti-realismMetzinger suggests the ontological anti-realism about the self (ARSO), which claims the self is not a substance. In other words, selves are not self-subsistent entities. The target of this claim is to reveal that there is no solid basis for assum..

2023-2 Metaphysics of the Self Segment 1 (M. Schecthman, "Stories, Lives, and Basic Survival")  Q) On Schechtman’s view ('narrative self-constitution view.'), what amounts to having a narrative?According to Schechtman’s narrative self-constitution view, having a narrative would require that a person be able, at least sometimes, to become conscious of her narrative and make it explicit. This is n..

2023-2 Metaphysics of the Self Segment 1 (G. Strawson, "The Self")  Q) What are the main features of conscious concerns Strawson’s synchronic view?Strawson suggests that the self is a single, distinct mental thing existing at a given time synchronically and a subject of experience. He denies the claim that the self is an agent or has personality. More importantly, he holds that the core conditio..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) Do you think that Mills’s social constructivist approach to race fares better or worse than Appiah’s skepticism? Briefly explain your thinking. Mills endorses a view of racial constructivism, according to which races are created through social history and intersubjectivity. This view denies that race is a metaphysical reality in the sense of being eternal, unc..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2  Q) What is racialism, according to Appiah?Appiah characterizes racialism as the doctrine that human beings are divided into a small number of groups called ‘races,’ whose members share certain fundamental, heritable, physical, moral, intellectual, and cultural characteristics. It is assumed that these characteristics of distinct races are mutually exclusive.He f..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2Q) Barnes argues that both social position accounts and identity-based accounts of gender face exclusion problems. Articulate these problems.According to social position accounts, gender is explained in terms of external factors, i.e., the material social disadvantage or advantage imposed on individuals based on collective norms and assumptions about sexed bodies...

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) Bettcher describes two models for understanding transness. She argues that these models are misguided and sketches her own proposal. Describe briefly the two models that she discards. In what way is her own proposal different? Bettcher describes two models for understanding transness. On the one hand, there is a wrong-body model, according to which transsexual..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) What is gender, according to McKitrick? What are dispositions and what sorts of dispositions does McKitrick appeal to in her account of gender? Provide examples.   McKitrick criticizes Beauvoir, Haslanger, and Sveinsdóttir’s views on gender because these definitions lack any mention of the subjective or psychological aspects of gender. According to McKitrick, ..

2024-2 Social Ontology Segment 2 Q) What type of definition of gender is Haslanger after? What purpose is her definition supposed to serve? Regarding conceptual analysis (the philosophical methodology that asks the question in the form of “what is x?”), Haslanger argues that there are three distinctive ways of understanding this methodology: conceptual, descriptive, and analytical. A conceptual ..